Taxus chinensis (Yew), ib hom ntoo qub uas tau tso tseg tom qab Quaternary glacier, tau raug teev tseg raws li lub ntiaj teb cov nroj tsuag tsis tshua muaj thiab muaj kev puas tsuaj thiab lub ntiaj teb sab saum toj kaum hom kab mob. "Plaub giant panda".
Yog li ntawd,
Raws li "cov pob txha muaj sia nyob ntawm cov nroj tsuag", dab tsi yog qhov cuam tshuam thiab kev siv ntawm yew extract?
Yew, yog Taxus cog ntawm Taxaceae, muaj 11 hom yew nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no, faib nyob rau hauv temperate mus rau tropical cheeb tsam ntawm lub sab qaum teb hemisphere.Muaj 4 hom thiab 1 ntau yam nyob rau hauv Tuam Tshoj, xws li Suav yew, sab hnub tuaj yew, Yunnan yew Paclitaxel muab rho tawm los ntawm cov tawv ntoo thiab nplooj ntawm yew muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau ntau yam mob qog noj ntshav thiab paub tias yog "kab kawg ntawm kev tiv thaiv rau lub cev. kev kho mob cancer."
Kev loj hlob keeb kwm ntawm paclitaxel:
Xyoo 1963, American chemists MCWani thiab monre E.wall thawj zaug cais cov crude extract ntawm paclitaxel los ntawm cov tawv ntoo thiab ntoo ntawm Pacific yew, uas loj hlob nyob rau hauv lub hav zoov ntawm sab hnub poob United States. hais tias cov crude extract ntawm paclitaxel muaj kev ua haujlwm siab ntawm nas qog hlwb hauv vitro, thiab pib cais cov active tivthaiv.Vim cov ntsiab lus tsis tshua muaj ntawm cov khoom muaj nyob rau hauv cov nroj tsuag, nws tsis yog txog 1971 uas lawv koom tes nrog Andre t.McPhail. , tus kws tshaj lij chemistry ntawm Duke University los txiav txim siab cov qauv tshuaj ntawm cov khoom xyaw nquag-ib tetracyclic diterpene compound, thiab hu ua taxol.
Paclitaxel yog dab tsi?
Paclitaxel yog monomer diterpenoid muab rho tawm los ntawm cov tawv ntoo ntawm Natural Plant Taxus.Nws yog ib qho nyuaj theem nrab metabolite.Nws tseem yog tib cov tshuaj uas paub los txhawb microtubule polymerization thiab stabilize polymerized microtubules.Isotope tracing pom tias paclitaxel tsuas yog khi rau polymerized microtubules thiab ua. Tsis hnov mob nrog unpolymerized tubulin dimers.Tom qab hu rau paclitaxel, cov xovtooj ntawm tes yuav khaws ntau cov microtubules hauv cov hlwb.Qhov tsub zuj zuj ntawm cov microtubules cuam tshuam nrog ntau lub zog ntawm cov hlwb, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog txwv tsis pub cell faib nyob rau theem mitotic thiab thaiv kev faib tawm ntawm tes.
Kev siv paclitaxel:
1.Anticancer
Paclitaxel yog thawj kab tshuaj rau kev mob qog noj ntshav ntawm zes qe menyuam thiab mob qog noj ntshav siab heev.Lub Tebchaws Kev Tswj Xyuas Cancer pib tib neeg kev sim tshuaj thaum ntxov li xyoo 1983 los kuaj nws cov tshuaj toxicity thiab anticancer.
Paclitaxel feem ntau yog siv rau hauv kev mob qog noj ntshav ntawm zes qe menyuam thiab mob qog noj ntshav los ntawm kev tshawb fawb thib ob thiab thib peb.Nws tseem muaj qee yam cuam tshuam rau mob ntsws cancer, mob qog nqaij hlav hauv plab, mob qog noj ntshav, mob qog noj ntshav, mob qog noj ntshav, lub taub hau thiab caj dab, mob qog nqaij hlav thiab lub hlwb.
2. Antitumor
Paclitaxel yog thawj qhov kev xaiv ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv qog nqaij hlav hauv tsev kho mob thoob plaws ntiaj teb.Nws tuaj yeem txhawb kev sib dhos ntawm microtubules los ntawm kev txhawb nqa cov polymerization ntawm spindle tubulin subunits.Nws yog ib qho tshuaj tiv thaiv microtubule antitumor.
3.Kev kho mob rheumatic mob caj dab
Cov kev tshawb fawb tau pom tias taxol tau pom zoo los ntawm FDA rau kev mob caj dab rheumatoid, thiab paclitaxel gel yog ib qho tshuaj pleev rau paclitaxel hauv kev mob caj dab rheumatoid.
Lub sij hawm xa tuaj: Plaub Hlis-21-2022